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Avatar (2009 film)
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| Avatar | |
|---|---|
 Theatrical release poster |
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| Directed by | James Cameron |
| Produced by |
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| Written by | James Cameron |
| Starring | |
| Music by | James Horner |
| Cinematography | Mauro Fiore |
| Editing by |
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| Studio | |
| Distributed by | Twentieth Century Fox |
| Release date(s) |
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| Running time |
162 minutes[1] 171 minutes (re-release)[2] 178 minutes (Extended Collector's Edition)[3] |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
| Budget | $237 million[4] $9 million+ (re-release)[2] |
| Box office | $2,782,275,172[5][6] |
Development of Avatar began in 1994, when Cameron wrote an 80-page treatment for the film.[13][14] Filming was supposed to take place after the completion of Cameron's 1997 film Titanic, for a planned release in 1999,[15] but according to Cameron, the necessary technology was not yet available to achieve his vision of the film.[16] Work on the language of the film's extraterrestrial beings began in summer 2005, and Cameron began developing the screenplay and fictional universe in early 2006.[17][18] Avatar was officially budgeted at $237 million.[4] Other estimates put the cost between $280 million and $310 million for production and at $150 million for promotion.[19][20][21] The film made extensive use of cutting edge motion capture filming techniques,[22] and was released for traditional viewing, 3D viewing (using the RealD 3D, Dolby 3D, XpanD 3D, and IMAX 3D formats), and for "4D" experiences in select South Korean theaters.[23] The stereoscopic filmmaking was touted as a breakthrough in cinematic technology.[24]
Avatar premiered in London on December 10, 2009, and was internationally released on December 16 and in the United States and Canada on December 18, to positive critical reviews, with critics highly praising its groundbreaking visual effects.[25][26][27] During its theatrical run, the film broke several box office records and became the highest-grossing film of all time, as well as in the United States and Canada,[28] surpassing Titanic, which had held those records for twelve years.[29] It also became the first film to gross more than $2 billion.[30] Avatar was nominated for nine Academy Awards, including Best Picture and Best Director,[31] and won three, for Best Art Direction, Best Cinematography and Best Visual Effects. The film's home media release went on to break opening sales records and became the top-selling Blu-ray of all time. Following the film's success, Cameron signed with 20th Century Fox to produce two sequels, making Avatar the first of a planned trilogy.[32]
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